Virusi y'ibicurane by'ibiguruka (AIV) ni itsinda rya virusi zanduza cyane inyoni, ariko zishobora no kwanduza abantu n'andi matungo.Iyi virusi ikunze kuboneka mu nyoni zo mu mazi zo mu gasozi, nk'ibisimba na za gasegereti, ariko birashobora no kwanduza inyoni zororerwa nk'inkoko, inkoko, n'inkware.Virusi irashobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu myanya y'ubuhumekero no mu gifu kandi igatera indwara zoroheje cyangwa zikomeye ku nyoni.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa virusi yibicurane by'ibiguruka, bimwe muribi bikaba byateje indwara mu nyoni no mu bantu.Imwe mu miterere izwi cyane ni H5N1, yamenyekanye bwa mbere mu bantu mu 1997 muri Hong Kong.Kuva icyo gihe, H5N1 yateje indwara nyinshi mu nyoni n'abantu muri Aziya, mu Burayi, no muri Afurika, kandi ni yo nyirabayazana w'impfu z'abantu magana.
Hagati ya 23 Ukuboza 2022 na 5 Mutarama 2023, nta bantu bashya banduye virusi ya grippe A (H5N1) banduye OMS mu karere ka pasifika y’iburengerazuba. Kuva ku ya 5 Mutarama 2023, abantu 240 banduye ibicurane by’ibiguruka. Virusi ya (H5N1) yabaye
byatangajwe mu bihugu bine byo mu karere k'iburengerazuba bwa pasifika kuva muri Mutarama 2003 (Imbonerahamwe 1).Muri izo manza, 135 zahitanye abantu, bituma abantu bapfa (CFR) bangana na 56%.Urubanza rwa nyuma rwaturutse mu Bushinwa, rukaba rwatangiye ku ya 22 Nzeri 2022 rukaba rwarapfuye ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2022. Uru ni rwo rubanza rwa mbere rw’ibicurane by’ibiguruka A (H5N1) byaturutse mu Bushinwa kuva mu 2015.
Ubundi bwoko bwa virusi y’ibicurane by’ibiguruka, H7N9, bwagaragaye bwa mbere mu bantu mu Bushinwa mu 2013. Kimwe na H5N1, H7N9 yanduza cyane inyoni, ariko kandi ishobora no guteza indwara zikomeye ku bantu.Kuva yavumburwa, H7N9 yateje indwara nyinshi mu Bushinwa, bituma abantu babarirwa mu magana bandura kandi bapfa.
Indwara y'ibicurane by'ibiguruka ni impungenge ku buzima bw'abantu kubera impamvu nyinshi.Ubwa mbere, virusi irashobora guhinduka no guhuza nabashya bashya, bikongera ibyago byicyorezo.Niba ubwoko bwa virusi yibicurane by’ibiguruka bwaba bworoshye kwanduza abantu ku bantu, birashobora gutera indwara ku isi hose.Icya kabiri, virusi irashobora gutera indwara zikomeye nurupfu mubantu.Mu gihe abantu benshi banduye ibicurane by’ibicurane by’ibiguruka byoroheje cyangwa bidafite ibimenyetso, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa virusi bushobora gutera indwara zikomeye z’ubuhumekero, kunanirwa kw'ingingo, ndetse no gupfa.
Kwirinda no kurwanya virusi y’ibicurane by’ibiguruka birimo ingamba zifatika zirimo kugenzura umubare w’inyoni, guhiga inyoni zanduye, no gukingira inyoni.Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa ko abantu bakorana n’inyoni cyangwa bakora ibikomoka ku nkoko bakora isuku nziza, nko gukaraba intoki kenshi no kwambara imyenda ikingira.
Mugihe habaye icyorezo cya virusi yibicurane by’ibiguruka, ni ngombwa ko abashinzwe ubuzima rusange bakora vuba kugira ngo virusi ikwirakwizwa.Ibi birashobora kuba bikubiyemo gushyira mu kato abantu banduye ndetse n’umuntu wabo wa hafi, gutanga imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi, no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’ubuzima rusange nko gufunga amashuri no guhagarika iteraniro rusange.
Mu gusoza, virusi y’ibicurane by’ibiguruka ni ikintu kibangamiye ubuzima bw’abantu bitewe n’ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutera icyorezo cy’indwara ku isi ndetse n’indwara zikomeye ku bantu.Mu gihe hashyizweho ingufu mu gukumira no kurwanya ikwirakwizwa rya virusi, hakenewe kuba maso n’ubushakashatsi kugira ngo hagabanuke ibyago by’icyorezo no kurengera ubuzima bw’abaturage.
Source:https://apps.wowe.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/365675/AI-20230106.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-15-2023