Salmonella nicyiciro cya gram-negative enterobacteria mumuryango Enterobacteriaceae.Mu 1880, Eberth yavumbuye bwa mbere Salmonella typhi.Mu 1885, Salmon yatandukanije kolera ya Salmonella mu ngurube.Mu 1988, Gartner yatandukanije Salmonella enteritidis ku barwayi barwaye gastroenteritis.Kandi mu 1900, iryo shuri ryiswe Salmonella.
Kugeza ubu, uburozi bwa Salmonella bwakwirakwijwe ku isi hose kandi indwara ziyongera uko umwaka utashye.
Ibiranga indwara
Salmonella ni bacteri ya Gram-mbi ifite inkoni ngufi, ingano yumubiri (0,6 ~ 0,9) μm × (1 ~ 3) μ m, impande zombi zegeranye neza, zidakora ibishishwa na spore.Hamwe na flagella, Salmonella ni motile.
Indwara ya bagiteri ntabwo isabwa cyane mu mirire, kandi umuco wo kwigunga ukoresha uburyo bwo guhitamo amara.
Mu muhogo, uburyo buhinduka umuvurungano hanyuma bugwa mu miyoboro ya agar nyuma ya 24h incubation kugirango bibyare neza, bizamutse gato, bizengurutse, byoroshye imvi-yera ya koloni nto.Reba Ishusho 1-1 na 1-2.
Igicapo 1-1 Salmonella munsi ya microscope nyuma ya Gram irangi
Igicapo 2-3 Imiterere ya koloni ya Salmonella kuri chromogenic medium
Ibiranga Epidemiologiya
Salmonella ikwirakwizwa cyane muri kamere, abantu ninyamaswa nkingurube, inka, amafarasi, intama, inkoko, inkongoro, ingagi, nibindi nibyo byakira.
Salmonella nkeya ifite abashyitsi batoranijwe, nka Salmonella abortus kumafarasi, Salmonella abortus inka, na Salmonella abortus yintama bitera gukuramo inda kumafarasi, inka, nintama;Salmonella typhimurium yibasira ingurube gusa;izindi Salmonella ntizikeneye abashyitsi hagati, kandi zikwirakwizwa byoroshye hagati yinyamaswa ninyamaswa, inyamaswa n'abantu, n'abantu binyuze munzira zitaziguye cyangwa zitaziguye.
Inzira nyamukuru yo kwanduza Salmonella ni inzira yigifu, kandi amagi, inkoko, nibikomoka ku nyama nibyo bice nyamukuru bya salmonellose.
Indwara ya Salmonella mu bantu no ku nyamaswa irashobora kutagaragaza na bagiteri cyangwa irashobora kugaragara nkindwara yica ifite ibimenyetso by’amavuriro, ishobora kongera uburwayi bw’indwara, kongera umuvuduko w’urupfu cyangwa kugabanya umusaruro w’imyororokere y’inyamaswa.
Indwara ya Salmonella iterwa ahanini n'ubwoko bwa Salmonella n'imiterere y'umubiri uyikoresha.Kolera ya Salmonella niyo itera cyane mu ngurube, ikurikiwe na Salmonella typhimurium, naho inkongoro ya Salmonella ntabwo itera indwara;abangamiwe cyane ni abana, abasaza, hamwe n’abantu badafite ubudahangarwa, ndetse n’imiti myinshi cyangwa nkeya itera indwara irashobora gutera uburozi bw’ibiribwa ndetse n’ibimenyetso bikomeye by’amavuriro.
Ibyago
Salmonella nizo zitera indwara ya zoonotic mu muryango wa Enterobacteriaceae kandi ifite umubare munini w’uburozi bwa bagiteri.
Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara cyatangaje ko Salmonella ari we nyirabayazana wa 33 muri 84 mu byerekeranye n’uburozi bw’ibiribwa bya bagiteri byabereye muri Amerika mu 1973, bikaba bifite umubare munini w’uburozi bw’ibiribwa hamwe n’uburozi 2.045.
Raporo ngarukamwaka ya 2018 yerekana imigendekere n’inkomoko ya zoonose yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ikigo cy’uburayi gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa n’ikigo cy’ibihugu by’i Burayi gishinzwe gukumira no kurwanya indwara cyerekana ko hafi 1/3 cy’indwara ziterwa n’ibiribwa muri EU zatewe na Salmonella kandi ko salmonellose ari iya kabiri mu bikunze kuvugwa kwandura gastrointestinal yumuntu muri EU (havuzwe 91,857), nyuma ya campylobacteriose (246.571).Salmonella yangiza ibiryo bingana na 40% byuburozi bwa bagiteri mubihugu bimwe.
Kimwe mu bintu bikomeye ku isi byangiza uburozi bwa salmonella cyabaye mu 1953 igihe abantu 7.717 baroga naho 90 bapfira muri Suwede bazize kurya ingurube zanduye na S. typhimurium.
Salmonella iteye ubwoba cyane, kandi mubuzima bwa buri munsi nigute wakwirinda kwandura no kuyikwirakwiza?
1.Komeza isuku yimirire no gucunga ibirungo.Irinde inyama, amagi, n'amata kwanduzwa mugihe cyo kubika.Ntukarye inyama mbisi, amafi, n'amagi.Ntukarye inyama z’inkoko zirwaye cyangwa zapfuye cyangwa amatungo yo mu rugo.
2.Kubera isazi, isake n'imbeba ni umuhuza wo kwanduza Salmonella.Tugomba rero gukora akazi keza ko kurimbura isazi, imbeba, hamwe ninkoko kugirango twirinde ibiryo kwanduza.
3.Hindura ingeso mbi zo kurya nuburyo bwo kubaho kugirango utezimbere umubiri wawe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-03-2023