Shigella ni ubwoko bwa bagiteri-mbi ya bagiteri itera shigellose, uburyo bukomeye bw'impiswi ishobora guhitana ubuzima iyo itavuwe.Shigellose ni ikibazo cy’ubuzima rusange bw’abaturage, cyane cyane mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bifite isuku nke n’isuku.
Indwara ya Shigella iragoye kandi ikubiyemo ibintu byinshi bya virusi, harimo n'ubushobozi bwa bagiteri gutera no kwigana muri epitelium y'amara.Shigella ikora kandi uburozi bwinshi, burimo uburozi bwa Shiga na lipopolysaccharide endotoxine, bushobora gutera uburibwe, kwangirika kwinyama, hamwe na dysentery.
Ibimenyetso bya shigellose mubisanzwe bitangirana nimpiswi, umuriro, no kuribwa munda.Impiswi irashobora kuba amazi cyangwa maraso kandi irashobora guherekezwa na mucus cyangwa pus.Mu bihe bikomeye, shigellose irashobora gutera umwuma, ubusumbane bwa electrolyte, ndetse nurupfu.
Ikwirakwizwa rya Shigella ribaho cyane cyane binyuze mu nzira ya fecal-umunwa, mubisanzwe ukarya ibiryo cyangwa amazi byanduye cyangwa guhura nubutaka bwanduye cyangwa ibintu byanduye.Indwara ya bagiteri irashobora kandi gukwirakwira binyuze mu muntu ku giti cye, cyane cyane mu bihe byuzuye cyangwa bidafite isuku.
Mu myaka yashize, kwandura Shigella byakomeje guteza ikibazo rusange cy’ubuzima rusange ku isi.Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryamenyeshejwe ku ya 4 Gashyantare 2022 ko umubare munini udasanzwe w’abantu benshi barwanya ibiyobyabwenge (XDR) Shigella sonnei wagaragaye mu Bwongereza no muri Irilande y'Amajyaruguru ndetse no mu bindi bihugu byinshi byo mu karere k'Uburayi kuva mpera za 2021. Nubwo indwara nyinshi zanduye S. sonnei zitera igihe gito cyindwara nimpfu nke, abantu barwanya ibiyobyabwenge byinshi (MDR) na XDR shigellose nibibazo byubuzima rusange kuko uburyo bwo kwivuza bugarukira kubantu bafite uburwayi bukabije kandi bukabije.
Shigellose yanduye mu bihugu byinshi byinjiza amafaranga make cyangwa yo hagati (LMICs) kandi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera impiswi ziva amaraso ku isi.Buri mwaka, bivugwa ko bitera nibura miliyoni 80 z’impiswi ziva mu maraso n’impfu 700 000.Indwara hafi ya zose (99%) Indwara ya Shigella iboneka muri LMIC, kandi umubare munini w'abantu (~ 70%), n'impfu (~ 60%), uboneka mu bana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu.Bigereranijwe ko <1% by'imanza zivurirwa mu bitaro.
Byongeye kandi, kuvuka kwa antibiyotike irwanya antibiyotike ya Shigella byabaye impungenge, aho uturere twinshi tuvuga ko kwiyongera kwinshi kurwanya antibiyotike zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu kuvura shigellose.Mu gihe hakomeje gushyirwaho ingufu mu kunoza imikorere y’isuku n’isuku no guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya antibiyotike mu buryo bukwiye, hakenewe gukomeza kuba maso n’ubufatanye mu muryango w’ubuzima ku isi hose kugira ngo bikemure ibibazo bikomeje kwandura Shigella.
Umuti wa shigellose mubisanzwe urimo antibiyotike, ariko kurwanya antibiyotike ikoreshwa cyane biragenda bigaragara.Kubera iyo mpamvu, ingamba zo gukumira nko kunoza isuku n’isuku, kwita ku biribwa n’amazi meza, no guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya antibiyotike mu buryo bukwiye, ni ingenzi mu kurwanya ikwirakwizwa rya Shigella no kugabanya indwara ya shigellose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-15-2023